Faculty
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Professors Cameron (Chair), E. Dawley, R. Dawley, Favero, Lyczak, Roberts; Associate Professors Finney, J. King , Lobo, Straub; Assistant Professors Bove, Gorenberg, Leslie, Price; Visiting Professors and Instructors Benfer, Gabel.
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The underlying philosophy of the departmental curriculum is to provide a balanced and current biological education within the broader context of the liberal arts. The curriculum has been designed to keep pace with new developments in the field and to afford students as broad a base as possible for understanding the principles governing life processes. Coursework provides a firm foundation of knowledge in the various sub-disciplines, fosters the scientific attitude, and familiarizes students with current research methods. A capstone course, coupled with oral and written experiences within the department, helps to develop and reinforce the ability to think clearly, critically and independently. In the junior and senior years, students have the opportunity to pursue an independent project, which may include research with a faculty mentor.
Successful completion of the curriculum prepares students for graduate work, for employment in a biologically oriented profession, or for admission to professional schools in the several fields of medicine and related health services. The department also participates in a program leading to teacher certification in secondary schools as described below.
Requirements for Biology Majors
To fulfill the requirements of the major, all students must complete 36 semester hours of biology as outlined in the departmental core and the ancillary requirements listed below. Biology majors can fulfill the requirement for an oral presentation and the capstone requirement in the major by taking BIO-415W (or ENVS-415W), BIO/ENVS-419W, 425W, 426W (or BCMB-426W), 428W, 429W (or BCMB-429W), 431W, (or NEUR-431W), 433W (or BCMB-433W or NEUR-433W), 435W (or NEUR-435W), 442W, 444W, 449W, 455W (or ENVS-455W), 459W, 492W (or BCMB-492), BCMB-452W.
I. Required Biology Courses:
BIO-101Q, 102Q, 201W and one of the following capstone courses: BIO-415W (or ENVS- 415W), BIO/ENVS-419, 425W, 426W (or BCMB-426W), 428W, 429W (or BCMB-429W), 431W (or NEUR-431W), 433W (or BCMB-433W or NEUR-433W), 435W (or NEUR-435W), 442W, 444W, 449W, 455W (or ENVS-455W), 459W, 492W, BCMB-452W. At least 24 of the 36 biology credits for the major must have a laboratory or be a four-credit lecture/laboratory combination course. These courses are: BIO-101Q, BIO-102Q, BIO-201W, BIO-234 (or ENVS-234), BIO-300, BIO-305, BIO-306, BIO-310, BIO-320, BIO-325, BIO-328, BIO-330, BIO-334 (or ENVS-334), BIO-336, BIO-345, BIO-346, BIO-351, BIO-359, BIO-365, BIO-415W, BIO/ENVS-419, BIO-426W, BIO-429W, BIO-431W, BIO-433W, BIO-435W, BIO-442W, One research course from: BIO-481, 485, 491, or 492W may be used as part of this requirement.
II. Distribution Requirements:
- Molecular/Cellular Biology. At least two courses must be completed from the following: BIO-220, 225 (or NEUR-225), 306, 328, 333, 345, 346, 351, 425W, 426W (or BCMB-426W), 428W, 429W (or BCMB-429W), 431W (or NEUR-431W), 433W (or BCMB-433W or NEUR-433W), 435W (or NEUR-435W), 444W, 449W, 459W, BCMB-351, 452W.
- Organismal/Population Biology: At least two courses must be completed from the following: BIO-234 (or ENVS-234), BIO-305, 310, 320, 324, 325 (or ENVS-325), 330, 334 (or ENVS-334), 336 (or ENVS-336), 359, 365 (or ENVS-365), 415W (or ENVS-415W), BIO/ENVS-419, 442W, 455W (or ENVS-455W).
Note: Students must take both BIO-205, 205L and 206 for either course to be counted for the biology minor.
III. Electives:
Chosen in accordance with the major area of interest and bringing the total to a minimum of 36 credit hours in biology (excluding BIO-205, 205L and BIO-206).
Note: A maximum of 10 credit hours of research (BIO-391, 392, 481, 485, 491, 492W), including no more than 3 credit hours from among BIO-391 and 392, may be applied to the major. A maximum of 12 credit hours of research may be applied to graduation.
IV. Required of all Biology Majors:
- Chemistry: CHEM-107/107LQ and 108/108L; or CHEM-151/151LQ and 207/207L.
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Mathematics/Computer Science:
Choose any two classes from among the following: CS-173 and higher, MATH-111 and higher, or STAT-141Q and higher.Strongly Recommended: At least one class be in Statistics (STAT).
CS-350, MATH-350, MATH-400, or any CS, MATH, or STAT internship or research class cannot be used to fulfill this requirement.
V. Recommended of all Biology Majors:
- One year of physics
- A second year of organic chemistry
Requirements for Biology Minors
A minor concentration in biology consists of BIO-101Q, 102Q, 201W, and at least 12 additional elective credits in biology including at least one course from each of the two distribution categories (Molecular/Cellular and Organismal/Population) and exclusive of internships or research.
Special Career Interests
I. Students seeking admission to graduate programs in biologically related fields should note the following:
- A second year of chemistry is strongly recommended.
- A fifth course in chemistry is recommended.
- Additional coursework in mathematics/computer science is recommended.
II. Prospective secondary school teachers whose interest is biology and who wish to be certified in biological science should note the following:
- PHYS-111Q is required; a year of physics is recommended.
- ENVS/GEOS-102Q is required.
- CHEM-107/107LQ and 108/108L; or CHEM-151/151LQ and 207/207L.
- It is highly recommended that prospective teachers serve at least one semester as departmental assistants.
- The curriculum beyond the first year must be arranged in consultation with the chairman of the department of education or with the departmental teacher education adviser. Students and their advisers should consult the Ursinus College Education Department.
III. Students seeking admission to schools of medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, optometry and podiatry should note the following:
- Two years of chemistry and one year of general physics for science majors are required by all of the above schools.
- Many schools also require one full year of English and some specify one or two semesters of calculus.
- Students and their advisers should consult the premedical handbook or one of the premedical advisers for requirements of specific schools.
IV. Students seeking admission to other health science programs, such as physical therapy, should consult the departmental allied health adviser.
V. Students who seek employment in a biologically oriented profession should note the following:
- ACCT-140 and ECON-102 are recommended.
- Additional coursework in Media and Communication Studies is recommended.
- Additional courses that emphasize writing are recommended.
S/U Guidance
No more than 12 credit hours in biology graded S/S-/U can be applied to the major, including those from research (BIO-391, 392, 481, 485, 491, 492W), internships (BIO-382), and classes opted for S/S-/U grading. BIO-101Q, 102Q, 201W, and any 400-level course may not be taken with S/S-/U grading for the biology major. For medical or biologically related graduate programs, BIO-101Q, 102Q, 201W, and any prerequisite courses for the program should not be taken with S/S-/U grading.
No more than 4 credit hours in biology graded S can be applied to the minor, including those from research, internships, and classes opted for S/S-/U grading.
Courses
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BIO-101Q. Issues in Ecology and Evolution
Approaches the fundamental principles of ecology and evolution using the examination of specific case studies and the current scientific literature. Principles will include population growth, organismal adaptations and ecosystem level interactions, all in the light of natural selection theory. Lecture readings and laboratory exercises will employ the scientific method and emphasize quantitative analysis of data. Recitation develops the academic skill set necessary for success throughout STEM fields at Ursinus. Three hours of lecture; an average of one and one-half hours of laboratory per week; one hour of recitation per week. Four semester hours. (S.).
BIO-102Q. Cell Biology
Approaches the fundamental principles of cell biology using the examination of specific case studies and the current scientific literature. Principles will include molecular structure and function of cells, generation of biochemical energy, cell cycle regulation and cancer, and neuronal communication. Lecture readings and laboratory exercises will employ the scientific method and emphasize quantitative analysis of data. Three hours of lecture; an average of one and one-half hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (S.)
BIO-150. Biology and the World
This course is intended for non-science majors. The biological topic on which the course focuses varies by semester. Students will develop the ability to explain and apply evidence-based approaches to understanding natural phenomena; understand the roles of observation, hypothesis and theory development, controlling variables, and repetition and replication in the accumulation of scientific knowledge; and participate in methods of inquiry and/or experimentation that include at least one of the following approaches: bench work, fieldwork, observation of the natural world, utilization of scientific databases, and modeling. Students will seek to understand how biology influences their individual understanding of the universe. Three or more hours of meeting time per week, some portion of which is spend participating in methods of inquiry and/or experimentation. Four semester hours. (S.)
Note: BIO-150 does not count toward the biology major or the biology minor.
BIO-151. Biology and the African Diasporic Experience in America
This course is intended for non-science majors. Biology and the African Diaspora in America takes a biological and historical look at topics including evolution of skin pigmentation, and the influence biology has had on the concept of race. Students will develop the ability to explain and apply evidence-based approaches to understanding natural phenomena. Students will understand the roles of observation, hypothesis and theory development, controlling variables, repetition and replication in the accumulation of scientific knowledge by participating in various methods of inquiry and/or experimentation that including: bench work, fieldwork, observation of the natural world, utilization of scientific databases, and modeling. Students will seek to understand how biology influences their individual understanding of the universe. Three hours of lecture and one and one-half hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (DN, Q, S.)
BIO-150 does not count toward the biology major or the biology minor.
BIO-201W. Genetics
Exploration of principles of genetics using examination of specific case studies and the scientific literature. Topics include advanced Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, population genetics. Prerequisites: BIO-101Q and BIO-102Q, or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture per week and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (S.)
BIO/HS-205 Human Anatomy & Physiology I
A study of the structure and function of the tissues and organs that compose the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and special senses systems. We will explore the maintenance of homeostasis made by each of these systems. Prerequisites: BIO-102Q; or permission of the department chair; must be taken concurrently with BIO205L unless granted permission by instructor. Three hours of lecture per week. Three semester hours. (S, if taken with BIO/HS-205L.)
Note: Students who have taken BIO/HS-205. 205L and/or 206 may not receive credit for completing BIO-305.
Note: BIO/HS-205 and 205L do not count toward the biology major.
Note: Students can count BIO/HS-205 and 205L as satisfying the organismal/population requirement and BIO/HS-206 as satisfying the integrative requirement for the biology minor. Both courses must be taken for either course to count for the biology minor.
BIO/HS-205L. Laboratory in Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Laboratory work related to BIO205. Emphasis in the laboratory will be placed on histology, joints, muscles, bones and nervous system anatomy. Prerequisite: BIO102; must be taken concurrently with BIO205 unless granted permission by instructor. Three hours of laboratory per week. One semester hour. (S, if taken with BIO/HS-205.)
BIO/HS-206. Human Anatomy & Physiology II
A study of the structure and function of the tissues and organs that compose the endocrine, pulmonary, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. A case study approach will be utilized to explore the homeostatic contributions made by each of these systems under rest, exercise, and disease conditions. This is an approved elective course for the completion of the Biology minor but not the Biology major. Prerequisites: BIO/HS-205 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
Note: Students who have taken BIO/HS-205 and/or BIO/HS-206 may not receive credit for completing BIO-306.
Note: BIO/HS 206 does not count toward the biology major.
Note: Students can count BIO/HS-205 as satisfying the organismal/population requirement and BIO/HS-206 as satisfying the integrative requirement for the biology minor. Both courses must be taken for either course to count toward the biology minor.
BIO-220. Innovation in Biology
This course approaches biology through the lens of innovation – identification of problems and pathways to solutions. Through the use of case studies, primary literature, and discussion students are introduced to historical and current innovations in biology. Students explore the relationships between innovative science, funding, ethics, intellectual property (patents), biotechnology, and business. Sophomores will be allowed to enroll in this course first and remaining seats can be filled by juniors and seniors. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Four semester hours. (LINQ.)
BIO/NEUR-225. Glial Cell Biology
Understanding biological functions and the mechanisms cells use to carry out them out are critical to advancing scientific knowledge about how cells govern systems. The overall goal of this course is to examine what we currently know about glial cells, one of the two major types of cells in the nervous system, and how research is discovering new roles for these cells in nervous system function by investigating primary and secondary literature, animal model systems, current experimental methods, and human conditions associated with alterations of glial cells. This course is designed for first- and second-year students. Prerequisite: NEUR-100 or BIO-102 or permission of the instructor. Three hours per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-234. The Nature of Food
The food we eat not only fuels our bodies, but also shapes the environment in which we live. This course introduces students to the biological and ecological principles that govern how food is produced and the impact food production has on air, water, soil, climate, and biodiversity. Students will gain knowledge of diverse approaches to food production (e.g., conventional, organic, sustainable) through engagement with scientific literature, popular media and field trips. In the laboratory students will research ecological approaches to food production in a class garden. Prerequisite: BIO-101 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-300. Learning to Lead: STEM, Ethics, and You
Understanding scientific functions, mechanisms, and the underlying ethical implications are critical to advancing knowledge in the field. In this course students will learn about STEM careers via physical and/or virtual class visits from scientists while preparing a path for success in their own career. Students will investigate the work of our featured scientists by reading a variety of scientific sources such as primary literature, review articles, and news reports. Class discussions will evaluate scientific arguments, confounding variables, hypotheses, experimental design, and data interpretations. The course will explore the questions “How should we live together?” and “What will I do?”. This course is restricted to students with junior or senior standing that are majoring or minoring in STEM. This course fulfills an elective requirement for Biology majors. Prerequisite: BIO-201 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of discussion per week. Four semester hours (CCAP.)
Note: BIO-300 does not count toward the Organismal/Population or Molecular/Cellular Biology distribution requirement
BIO-305. Human Anatomy and Functional Morphology
A study of the structure of human tissues, organs and organ systems and their contributions to the integrated functioning of the human body. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
Note: Students who have taken BIO/HS-205 or BIO/HS-206 may not receive credit for BIO-305.
BIO-306. Human Physiology
A study of the physiological processes that support the integrated functioning of the human body. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
Note: Students who have taken BIO/HS-205 or BIO/HS-206 may not receive credit for BIO-306.
BIO/ENVS-310. Biological Oceanography
A study of the biological bases of ocean science. Topics discussed include: ocean basins, seawater physics and chemistry, currents, waves, tides, upwelling zones, tidal rhythms in organisms, ocean habitats/biota, marine virology, marine microbiology, plankton, trophic relationships, hydrothermal vent communities, coral reefs. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. (Course may be conducted in part at a marine field station). Four semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-320. Biology of the Neotropics
A field study of Costa Rican tropical habitats — including lowland rain forests, montane rain forests, seasonally dry forests, and wetlands — conducted at research sites throughout the country. Topics include diversity and natural history of key plants and animals, ecological interactions and evolutionary processes, and conservation. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and BIO-101Q. Field investigations accompanied by readings, lectures, and a directed research project. Course will meet 15 hours on campus and three weeks in Costa Rica between the Fall and Spring semesters. Four semester hours. (LINQ, XLP.)
BIO-324. Darwin and Evolution.
This course considers the theory of evolution from its original conception by Charles Darwin to its modern form. Reading from the primary and secondary literature, students will examine key components of the modern theory of evolution; gain an increased understanding of science as a way of knowing, including the scientific method as well as social and historical influences on the development of theory; and develop skills in critical reading, data analysis, and writing. Prerequisite: BIO-101, 102, and 201; or permission of the instructor. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (CCAP.)
BIO/ENVS-325. Insect Biology
This course will introduce students to the insects—the most diverse group of organisms on the planet. We will examine the physiology, development, behavior, ecology, and evolution of insects to better understand why they are so successful, and special emphasis will be placed on understanding the importance of insects to human welfare. Students will learn the taxonomy of local insects by completing an insect collection. The laboratory component of this course will include insect rearing, experiments, and field trips to collect insects from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Prerequisite: BIO-101 and BIO-102; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-328. Protein Biogenesis
Proteins are essential macromolecules that participate in virtually every aspect of cellular function, and their biogenesis requires some of the most ancient and highly conserved biological processes. Through discussions and analysis of primary research articles, this course will provide an in-depth exploration of the processes involved in protein biogenesis, including translation and its regulation, protein folding and quality control systems, as well as the physiological consequences of protein misfolding. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-330. Marine Biology
This course will explore life in the seas by taking a look at the ecology, evolution, and human impacts the marine environment experiences. Topics will include behavioral, physiological, structural, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives. The course will be supplemented with discussions of primary literature, several written assignments, and a final project that aims to encourage deeper exploration of an ocean-related topic of your choice. Prerequisite: BIO-101 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/NEUR-333. Stem Cell Biology
This course will address current knowledge and outstanding questions in the field of stem cell biology. We will use primary literature to examine the cellular and molecular characteristics of stem cells, and we will explore modern techniques used to study and manipulate stem cells in the laboratory. We will also discuss issues pertaining to the regulation of stem cell research in the United States and abroad. We will use current web-based readings from the popular press to explore the hope and hype generated by the private stem cell industry in the quest to cure disease. Students will demonstrate understanding through oral presentation, discussion facilitation, periodic quizzes, and writing projects. This course fulfills the Molecular/Cellular distribution requirement for Biology majors. Prerequisite: BIO-102Q. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (O.)
BIO/ENVS-334. Plant Biology
A survey of the morphology and evolution of the monophyletic green plant clade, including the principles, theory and methodology underlying modern taxonomic systems. Available field time centers upon the morphology and taxonomy of the local vascular flora. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-336. Freshwater Biology
Students will study the inhabitants, human impact, and chemical and physical properties of streams, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and groundwater. The laboratory will include field and laboratory investigations, and culminate in individual investigations by students. Prerequisites: BIO-101 and BIO-102; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-345. Microbiology
The structure, physiology, genetics, diversity, and ecology of micro-organisms. Topics in medical microbiology will be discussed to illustrate basic principles of pathology, virology, immunology, and epidemiology. The laboratory will cover techniques of bacterial propagation, purification, identification, and genetic experimentation. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-346. Developmental Biology
An investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control animal development. The role of developmental regulators and cell-cell communication in the embryo will be discovered in the context of fertilization, axis formation, gastrulation and organogenesis in a variety of model organisms. Laboratory work will focus on hypothesis driven inquiry and will include analysis of both vertebrate and invertebrate development. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-350. Selected Topics in Biology.
A course offered periodically in an area of special interest to students by a faculty member or a visiting lecturer. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Three hours per week, plus either intensive writing or three hours of laboratory, depending on the topic. Four semester hours.
BIO-351. Advanced Cell Biology: Cellular Perspectives of the World.
This case-study and laboratory-based course builds on students’ knowledge from previous core biology courses and applies these concepts to broader issues that affect our world. The case studies use clinical and biomedical research to explore cellular biology principles and data. Principles may include explorations of genetic mutations and its implications on organ donation and the exploration of external strategies to modulate learning. The students will consider the obligations of cellular biologists to pursue research that benefits diverse groups including the socioeconomic disadvantaged and aging populations. The laboratory includes an introduction to cell culture techniques as well as hands on simulation experiments that directly support lecture topics. Students will gain knowledge through analyzing data, presenting primary scientific literature and reporting laboratory findings. Three hours of lecture and/or laboratory per week. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Four semester hours. (O, S.)
BIO-359. Animal Behavior.
This course will introduce students to the study of animal behavior. The genetic, neural, and hormonal bases of behavior (i.e., proximate causes), and evolutionary explanations for behavior (i.e., ultimate causes), will be explored. Students will examine the behavior of a diverse array of taxa, including humans. The laboratory will provide students with training in animal behavior research. Research will involve both invertebrates and vertebrates, in both the laboratory and in the animals’ natural (outdoor) environment. Data collection, statistical analysis, and presentation will be emphasized in the laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO-101, 102, and 201; or permission of the instructor. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-360. Marine Mammalogy.
Marine mammals have sparked human curiosity for millennia. Today, they serve as an alluring entry point for a range of important topics in the natural and social sciences. This interdisciplinary course leverages our inherent curiosity and integrates biological sciences and policy to examine the evolutionary diversity and ecological success of marine mammals and explore the historical and current issues concerning their conservation and management. Offered every other year. Four semester hours. Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Four semester hours. (S.)
BIO/NEUR-364. Neuropharmacology.
Drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) are the most widely used group of pharmacologic agents. In addition, drugs are one of the most important tools for studying all aspects of CNS physiology from the mechanisms that control movement to the consolidation of memories. The field of neuropharmacology requires understanding of disease mechanisms as well as the effects of drugs and other compounds on neuronal function. This course will focus on the pharmacodynamics (the actions of the drug on the body) and pharmacokinetics (the actions of the body on the drug) of various drugs in the central nervous system and the communication of this subject to a non-science audience. This course can be independent or linked with MCS-250, Prerequisites: Students must have completed BIO-102 or NEUR-100 to register for Neuropharmacology (BIO/NEUR-364). Three hours per week. Four semester hours.
Note: When linked with MCS-250, Pharmacology Message Analysis and Production and consists of five units that each: a) explore basic principles of neuropharmacology, b) use case studies to apply that knowledge to real world situations, c) evaluate primary literature of drug discovery, and 4) analyze, assess, and produce media messages targeting the general public. Specifically, as a Linked Inquiry (LINQ) course, students will work collaboratively with MCS-250 students to translate this scientific information into educational materials, public service announcements, and action campaigns to assess message effectiveness. The class will culminate in several group directed visual presentations that bring awareness to the properties, use and abuse of a chosen class of drugs. (LINQ.)
BIO-365/ENVS-365. Ornithology.
A study of bird biology (anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, phylogeny, and evolution) and the conservation issues that surround these most visible of terrestrial vertebrates. Students will design a conservation proposal. Lab will include field studies and natural history of Northeastern birds. This will include a group field project focusing on the changing status of Pennsylvania bird species that result from anthropogenic disturbances, such as introduced species, climate change, etc. Readings will come primarily from primary and secondary literature, with an emphasis on basic scientific research and its application to conservation. Prerequisite: BIO-101. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (O.)
BIO/ENVS-375. Marine Invertebrate Zoology.
This course introduces students to the diversity of marine invertebrates, their role in marine ecosystems, and how changing oceanic conditions impact these organisms. Students will examine taxonomy, physiology, ecology, and evolution of marine invertebrates, while developing skills in scientific writing and literacy. The lab component of this course will include hands-on experiences with organisms from different marine invertebrate phyla, short-term lab experiments, and discussions of current issues in marine zoology. Prerequisite: BIO-101 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture per week and three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (LINQ.)
BIO-382. Internship
An academic/work experience under the supervision of a faculty adviser and an on-site supervisor. Students must document their experience according to the requirements delineated in the College catalogue section on Internships. Open to juniors and seniors. Students must document their experience according to the requirements delineated in the College catalogue section on Internships. The term during which the internship work is performed will be noted by one of the following letters, to be added immediately after the internship course number: A (fall), B (winter), C (spring), or D (summer). Internships undertaken abroad will be so indicated by the letter I. The intern must complete a minimum of 160 hours of work. Prerequisites: Nine credits in biology and approval of a faculty internship adviser. Graded S/U. Four semester hours. (XLP.)
BIO-391. Directed Research
Laboratory and/or field experiences under the direction of a faculty member and designed to introduce students to fundamental research procedures and data manipulation in the context of an original research project. This course can be taken more than once. Prerequisite: permission of a participating faculty member. Three hours of laboratory per week. Graded S/U. One semester hour.
BIO-392. Directed Research
Content as in BIO-391. This course can be taken more than once. Prerequisite: permission of a participating faculty member. Six hours of laboratory per week. Graded S/U. Two semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-415W. Ecology
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environment. This course will advance students’ understanding of interactions that determine the structure and function of organisms at individual, population, community and ecosystem levels. Case studies are used to apply ecological knowledge to current issues such as climate change, invasive species, sustainability, and pollution. The laboratory will provide students with training in ecological field research. Experimental design, data collection, statistical analysis, and scientific communication will be emphasized in the laboratory. Prerequisites: BIO-101Q and 102Q and 201W, or permission of the instructor. This course does not fulfill the ENVS capstone requirement. Three hours of lecture, three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (O.)
BIO/ENVS-419W. Climate Change Biology
The climate is changing. Higher average temperatures, increasing weather extremes, and altered patterns of precipitation are already here, and further change is forecasted. Students in Climate Change Biology will learn how ecosystem processes and human activities impact Earth’s climate system, and they will examine the physiological, behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary processes that underly organismal responses to climate change. Climate change ethics, solutions to the climate change problem, and our obligations to enact these solutions will be explored. Students will participate in an original research project investigating organismal responses to climate change. This is a writing-intensive Biology capstone course. Prerequisite: BIO-101 or permission from the instructor. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (O.)
BIO-425W. Human Molecular Genetics
An investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex genetic phenomena and human traits. The course will cover topics which may include: epigenetic inheritance, gene regulation, gene therapy, molecular pathology, disease gene identification, and genetic technologies through reading, discussion, and careful analysis of current primary research articles. Students will consider ethical concerns related to the use of genetic information and technologies as well as work to disseminate science to lay-audiences. A semester-long project will require each student to examine the symptoms, inheritance pattern, and molecular pathology of a genetic disorder. This Core/Biology Capstone course will explore the field of human genetics through the lens of the four questions that are the foundation of the Ursinus Quest. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (CCAP.)
BIO/BCMB-426W. Molecular Biology
A survey of gene structure, transcription, translation, regulation, and replication, as well as the theory underlying laboratory techniques used in their study. Laboratory experiments will include DNA and protein isolation, enzymatic manipulations, electrophoresis, and nucleic acid hybridization in an attempt to clone and analyze a bacterial gene. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-428W. Genomics
The advent of technologies to facilitate rapid and inexpensive genome sequencing has enabled enormous volumes of genomic data to be collected in recent years, transforming biology and medicine and profoundly impacting our understanding of evolution and disease. This course will examine the field of genomics and the broader ethical and societal impacts of genomics research. Topics include genome organization, genome sequencing and analysis, bioinformatics, the microbiome, the epigenome, and the ethical, legal and social implications of the genomics revolution. Through selected textbook and primary literature readings, class discussions, in-class activities, and individual and group projects, this Core/Biology Capstone course will explore the field of genomics through the lens of the four foundational questions of the Ursinus Quest. Prerequisites: BIO-201W. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (CCAP, S.)
BIO/BCMB-429W. Structural Biology
An introduction to the principles of protein and DNA structure, X-ray crystallography, structure visualization and interpretation, and bioinformatics. The use of these concepts to understand biological function at the level of individual molecular interactions and at the level of complex processes will be demonstrated through specific biological examples. Laboratory work will stress structure-determining techniques and use of scientific databases and protein visualization software. Prerequisite: BIO-201W; two semesters of chemistry strongly recommended; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/NEUR-431W. Cellular Neurobiology
An advanced examination of current research in the field of cellular neuroscience. Highlighted topics include the cell biology of neurogenesis, neuron morphology, electrical and chemical communication, intracellular signaling, and the importance of neuron-glia interactions. Class discussions will be grounded in primary literature, and the laboratory component will feature a semester-long original research project. This is a writing intensive course in which students will draft and revise a mock research proposal on a topic of their choice. Prerequisite: BIO-201W or permission of the instructor. Three hours of discussion; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/BCMB/NEUR-433W. Molecular Neurobiology
This course focuses on the cellular and molecular basis of neuronal communication. The lecture explores the structure of neurons, neurotransmitter regulation, synaptic plasticity, neurological disorders and their current pharmacological therapies. During the semester students will examine scientific literature through presentations and increase their understanding of molecular neurobiology mechanisms through laboratory cell culture techniques. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/NEUR-435W. Developmental Neurobiology
This course investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern nervous system development from conception through about age 25. Class discussions will cover nervous system organization, neural cell fate, axon and synapse formation, and neurological conditions in context of current research in the field of developmental neurobiology. Class discussions will also consider how the timing of nervous system development over the first 3 decades of life plays a role in the neurobiology of drug addiction from scientific, public policy, and personal perspectives. Laboratory work will be performed in small groups to analyze nervous system development via a hypothesis-driven experimental design. This course fulfills the Molecular/Cellular distribution and Capstone requirements for Biology majors and the Advanced Course Biology requirement for Neuroscience majors. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of discussion; three hours of laboratory per week. Four semester hours. (O, S.)
BIO/ENVS-442W. Mammalogy
A study of vertebrate biology using the mammalian class as the case study. The course includes evolutionary history, phylogeny, diversity, structure and function, behavior and ecological aspects of mammals. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture; three hours of laboratory and field investigations per week. Four semester hours. (CCAP, O.)
BIO-444W. Advanced Integrative Physiology
A study of the mechanisms that regulate the interaction of the various organ systems in health and disease. Students will build upon their understanding of physiology to explore the question of how gene products integrate at the cellular, systems and whole-organism level. The course will investigate the molecular basis for and pathophysiology of different diseases through reading and careful analysis of current primary research articles. This Core/Biology Capstone course will explore the field of human physiology through the lens of the four questions that are the foundation of the Ursinus Quest curriculum. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. BIO 306 is recommended. Three hours per week. Four semester hours. (CCAP.)
BIO-449W. Immunology
A study of the cellular and humoral aspects of immunity in humans and other mammals. The course will cover interactions between mammalian hosts and bacterial, fungal, and viral antigens: tumor and transplantation immunology, vaccines and their development and the evolution of the immune system. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. BIO-345 is recommended. Three hours per week. Four semester hours.
BIO/ENVS-455W. Conservation Biology
Students in Conservation Biology will learn about the causes and the consequences of species extinctions and best management practices for conserving biodiversity. Concepts from genetics, ecology, and evolution will be applied to conservation, and the role of scientific research in conservation practice will be emphasized. Case studies in conservation will come from a variety of species and ecosystems, and special emphasis will be placed on conservation in human-dominated landscapes, such as the suburban landscape within which Ursinus College is situated. Prerequisite: BIO-101 or permission of the instructor. Three hours of lecture per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-459W. Virology
After an introduction to general virology, each virus family and its unique approaches to host cell entry, viral replication, and transmission will be discussed. Topics covered will include the social, historical and economic impact of human diseases such as yellow fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and important diseases of crops and agricultural animals. Prerequisites: BIO-201W; or permission of the instructor. Four hours per week. Four semester hours.
BIO-481. Independent Research
Laboratory or field investigation of some biological phenomenon. This original work includes library-assisted preparation of a final written thesis and the oral presentation of its results before a faculty/student colloquium. This course can be taken more than once. Pre- or co-requisites: junior or senior standing, written consent of a faculty member who will serve as research adviser. Graded S/U. Four semester hours. (XLP.)
BIO-485. Off-Campus Research
An approved, off-campus field or laboratory research experience supervised by a faculty internship adviser and an on-site supervisor. Approved projects result in the library-assisted preparation of a final written report. This course can be taken more than once. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing and written consent of a faculty adviser. Eleven to 14 hours per week, with a minimum of 160 hours. Graded S/U. Four semester hours. (XLP.)
BIO-491. Honors Research
Content as in BIO-481, but open only to candidates for departmental honors. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing, written consent of a faculty member who will serve as research adviser. Four semester hours. (XLP.)
BIO-492W. Honors Research
Content as in BIO-481, but offered in the spring term and open only to candidates for departmental honors. This continuation of BIO-491 fulfills the capstone, oral and writing requirements within the major. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing, written consent of a faculty member who will serve as research adviser. Four semester hours (XLP.)